Pediatric Immunology and Allergy

Pediatric immunology and allergy assesses allergic diseases and disorders of immune function in children. MPGCARE coordinates records and appointments with Medical Park and Liv Hospital in Türkiye. The receiving hospital confirms the pediatric specialist, accepted age range and services; diagnosis and treatment belong to the hospital physicians.

Symptoms and a positive laboratory result must be interpreted together. The tests below are examples chosen for a clinical question, not a fixed panel for every child. Families should keep current pediatric care and emergency plans in place while a specialist appointment is arranged.

Allergic and related conditions

Condition	Symptoms and points to discuss	Selected tests and individual treatment approach
Allergic rhinitis	Repeated sneezing, nasal itching/runny nose or congestion related to seasons or exposures.	History and examination; targeted skin-prick or specific-IgE tests when they answer a clinical question. Nasal treatment and exposure advice are individualized.
Asthma / recurrent wheeze	Wheeze, cough, chest tightness or exercise/night symptoms; recurrent wheeze has several causes.	Clinical assessment and age-appropriate spirometry/bronchodilator testing; selected allergy tests. Young children may need a clinical follow-up assessment rather than standard lung-function testing.
Atopic dermatitis (eczema)	Itchy, inflamed skin and recurring flares; eczema alone does not establish food allergy.	Skin examination and review of infection/exposures. Food testing is targeted to a convincing history rather than a broad panel; skin care and prescribed treatment remain central.
IgE-mediated food allergy	Hives, swelling, vomiting or breathing symptoms after a specific food.	Detailed reaction history, selected skin-prick/specific-IgE tests and supervised oral food challenge when appropriate. Positive sensitization alone does not prove clinical allergy.
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)	Delayed repetitive vomiting and lethargy after a trigger food, sometimes with dehydration.	Diagnosis is mainly based on the reaction history and exclusion of other causes; selected supervised challenge. Routine IgE testing may not establish FPIES; the specialist sets nutrition and emergency plans.
Urticaria and angioedema	Transient itchy hives or swelling; infections and non-allergic causes are common.	History, examination and limited targeted investigations when indicated. Persistent/recurrent swelling may require a different evaluation; broad food testing is not automatic.
Suspected drug allergy	Rash, swelling or other symptoms after medicine; illness-related rashes and side effects can mimic allergy.	Document the exact medicine, timing and photographs. Specialist-selected testing or supervised challenge where appropriate; never test the medicine at home.
Stinging-insect allergy	A systemic reaction after a bee/wasp sting, rather than only local swelling.	Reaction history and selected venom skin/specific-IgE testing. Emergency planning and venom immunotherapy are considered according to the confirmed risk.
Anaphylaxis	Rapid breathing/throat symptoms, collapse or a severe multisystem reaction; skin signs can be absent.	Emergency treatment comes first; later review of triggers and selected tests. The specialist provides an age/weight-appropriate emergency action plan and prescribed epinephrine training.

Immune function and recurrent infections

Condition	Symptoms and points to discuss	Selected tests and individual treatment approach
Recurrent or unusually severe infections / suspected inborn error of immunity	Repeated serious, persistent or unusual infections, poor growth or a relevant family history. Frequent ordinary colds alone do not prove immune deficiency.	Review infection records and growth; selected blood count/differential, age-adjusted immunoglobulins, vaccine antibody responses and lymphocyte studies. Further tests depend on the pattern.
Antibody deficiency	Recurrent respiratory infections or low immunoglobulins identified on previous tests.	Age-adjusted immunoglobulins and selected specific-antibody responses/lymphocyte studies, with exclusion of secondary causes. Prevention or immunoglobulin treatment is considered only for an established indication.
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) / significant T-cell defects	Severe early-life infections, persistent thrush, poor growth or an abnormal newborn-screen result.	Urgent specialist assessment with lymphocyte subsets/function and selected genetic tests. Advanced treatment requires a confirmed specialist center; do not delay urgent evaluation to travel.

How should families prepare for the consultation?

Bring a dated symptom/reaction timeline, photographs, growth records, vaccination history, previous tests and infection reports. Include exact medicine/food names, the interval before symptoms, emergency visits and treatments. List current prescriptions, supplements and previous reactions. The team confirms a secure submission channel and translation needs. A child’s assessment should include examination and an age-appropriate discussion.

Do skin tests or blood results prove an allergy?

Skin-prick and specific-IgE tests can show sensitization but do not by themselves establish a clinically relevant allergy. The specialist selects allergens from the history and interprets the results. A supervised challenge may be needed for some questions. Food IgG panels and broad unselected screening can lead to inappropriate restrictions and are not a substitute for a clinical evaluation.

Food avoidance, nutrition and reintroduction

Avoid confirmed triggers according to the written plan and discuss label reading and cross-contact. Do not remove several foods or change infant feeding solely because of a test result. Ask for dietitian support when avoidance affects nutrition or growth. Reintroduction or a food/drug challenge must follow the specialist’s instructions; it is not a home experiment after a serious reaction.

Asthma, inhalers and eczema care

Ask the team to demonstrate the child’s prescribed inhaler/spacer technique and provide a written asthma plan. Understand which medicine is used regularly and which is for worsening symptoms. Do not stop preventive treatment because the child currently feels well. For eczema, obtain a skin-care plan and clear instructions for prescribed creams and possible infection. Smoke/vaping exposure and other clinically relevant triggers should be discussed.

Medicines before testing and during follow-up

Some medicines can affect allergy tests. Ask the receiving clinic which ones, if any, should be withheld and for how long; do not independently stop asthma treatment or other necessary medicines. Confirm the child’s current weight, prescription and follow-up schedule. Do not share another child’s medicines or use online dose advice in place of the treating team’s plan.

Emergency planning for anaphylaxis

For a severe reaction, use prescribed epinephrine promptly according to the emergency action plan and call local emergency services. Antihistamines do not replace epinephrine for anaphylaxis. Caregivers should learn device use, check availability/expiry and share the plan with school or nursery, with appropriate consent. Breathing difficulty, throat swelling or collapse is an emergency; do not wait for travel or an online reply.

Recurrent infections, vaccines and specialist therapies

Report unusually severe infections and keep dated culture and hospital records. The immunologist determines whether additional immune testing or preventive treatment is warranted. Confirm vaccine advice, particularly if an immune deficiency or immune-modifying treatment is suspected; do not independently cancel all vaccinations. Immunoglobulin, biologics, allergen immunotherapy and transplantation are separate therapies requiring indication, monitoring and center confirmation.

What about allergy immunotherapy?

Selected inhalant or venom allergy may be treated with immunotherapy after diagnosis and suitability assessment. It requires a schedule, safety precautions and follow-up; it is not an immediate cure or an appropriate treatment for every allergy. Food immunotherapy has different indications and risks and must not be assumed to be included. Ask who supervises treatment and manages reactions.

Follow-up at home, school and after returning to your country

Obtain the diagnosis, medicine/avoidance plan, emergency instructions and next review date. Agree who follows growth, asthma control or infections locally and who interprets results. Explain plans in language the family understands and involve the child according to age. Ask about psychological support if food restrictions or fear of reactions affect everyday life. Travel must not interrupt necessary treatment.

Appointments and travel coordination

MPGCARE helps organize records and request an individual pediatric assessment. Confirm the center, age range, clinical scope and written costs before travel. Complimentary Sarp–Trabzon or airport–hospital transfers can be arranged with our team when appropriate. A routine transfer does not replace medically supervised transport. Symptom control and long-term outcomes depend on the child’s diagnosis and cannot be guaranteed.