Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases

Hormones help regulate energy use, blood glucose, growth, reproduction and bone health. Endocrinology and metabolic medicine evaluates conditions in which hormone production, hormone action or metabolism is affected. MPGCARE coordinates specialist enquiries and appointments at partner Medical Park and Liv Hospital hospitals in Türkiye, helping you prepare records and understand the practical steps of your visit.

This section covers general endocrinology and metabolic care. For a child with growth or puberty concerns, our team helps coordinate an age-appropriate pediatric endocrinology enquiry. The receiving hospital confirms the specialist, accepted ages and available services for the individual case. Diagnosis and treatment decisions are made by the physicians after assessment.

Endocrine and metabolic diseases: what the assessment may cover

Symptoms often overlap and do not establish a diagnosis on their own. The examples below explain common reasons for consultation and questions to discuss. The physician chooses the necessary tests; this is not a standard hormone-testing package.

Disease or condition	Explanation	Assessment and treatment planning
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes	Diabetes causes raised blood glucose. Type 1 requires insulin; type 2 involves impaired insulin action and may need lifestyle support and medication.	Bring glucose records, HbA1c results and prescriptions. Discuss treatment goals, monitoring, practical education and the plan for reviewing complications.
Insulin resistance and prediabetes	The body responds less effectively to insulin. Prediabetes means glucose is above normal but below the diabetes range; progression is not inevitable.	Ask which glucose tests are appropriate and how the team will assess your overall risk. Agree on a realistic follow-up plan.
Obesity and metabolic risk	Obesity can increase the risk of diabetes and other health problems. Care considers weight history, associated conditions and long-term management.	Discuss nutrition, activity, sleep, medicines and previous weight-management attempts. Ask how options will be adapted to your needs and how progress will be reviewed.
Hypothyroidism	The thyroid produces too little hormone. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and thyroid blood tests; treatment commonly uses thyroid hormone replacement.	Provide previous results and the exact prescription. Discuss monitoring, medicine-taking instructions and any symptoms that persist despite treatment.
Hyperthyroidism	Excess thyroid hormone may cause palpitations, weight loss or heat intolerance. Treatment depends on the cause and may include medicines, radioactive iodine or surgery.	Ask how the cause will be identified and how treatment options are compared. Mention pregnancy plans and existing heart or eye concerns.
Thyroid nodules and goiter	Thyroid lumps or enlargement need assessment. Many nodules are benign; ultrasound and, when indicated, a needle biopsy help guide management.	Bring ultrasound and any biopsy reports. Ask what the findings mean, whether additional evaluation is needed and when repeat imaging is recommended.
Osteoporosis and bone metabolism disorders	Reduced bone strength increases fracture risk. Assessment can include fracture history, risk factors and selected bone-density and laboratory tests.	Discuss previous fractures, medicines and available DXA results. Ask about the proposed treatment, monitoring and an individualized bone-health plan.
Pituitary disorders, including prolactinoma	The pituitary regulates several hormones. A prolactinoma is a usually benign prolactin-producing tumor; hormone tests and imaging help evaluate suspected disorders.	Bring hormone results, MRI images and current prescriptions. Ask which specialists should be involved and how changes in hormone levels will be followed.
Adrenal insufficiency and Addison’s disease	Insufficient adrenal hormone production requires specialist assessment and replacement treatment. People with an established diagnosis need an individualized illness and emergency plan.	Provide prescriptions and previous testing. Ask for written instructions for illness, procedures and travel, and clarify how to access urgent care.
Cushing’s syndrome	Prolonged excess cortisol can have several causes, including prescribed steroids. Selected tests identify the cause and guide treatment.	List all steroid medicines, including injections and inhalers. Ask about test preparation and interpretation; do not stop prescribed steroids independently.

How does an endocrinology consultation work?

The consultation begins with your symptoms, medical history, family history and medications. Bring the dates of previous tests and any relevant changes in weight, glucose readings or other concerns. The specialist interprets results in context rather than treating an isolated number.

Before the appointment, explain the main decision you need help with: a new diagnosis, review of ongoing treatment, an unclear test result or a second opinion. This helps the receiving team prepare a focused assessment.

Which tests might be requested?

Testing is selected according to the suspected condition. It may include glucose or HbA1c, thyroid tests, selected hormone measurements, imaging or bone-density assessment. Specialized stimulation or suppression tests are requested only when indicated. You do not need every hormone measured for every symptom.

Ask the hospital for preparation instructions, including whether timing, fasting, current treatment or supplements affect the test. Do not stop a medicine or arrange an extensive test panel without advice from the responsible clinician.

How are treatment options chosen?

The physician explains the diagnosis, available options and monitoring requirements. Depending on the condition, care may involve medicines, nutrition and activity support, specialist procedures or referral for surgery. The recommendation should take account of your other health conditions and preferences.

Ask what the treatment aims to achieve, how benefit will be assessed, which side effects need reporting and when the plan will be reviewed. Changes in treatment should be agreed with your clinician rather than based on a single online result.

Diabetes care beyond a laboratory result

Discuss how to use glucose monitoring, what to record and who reviews the readings. Bring details of prescribed insulin or other medicines and any episodes of low glucose. Ask whether additional diabetes education or a nutrition consultation is appropriate.

Clarify your written plan for illness and travel, and the arrangements for ongoing checks after you return home. Support with appointments does not replace your regular clinical team.

Thyroid, pituitary and adrenal follow-up

Ask how often your condition and hormone results should be reassessed and which changes should prompt an earlier review. For imaging findings, obtain an explanation of whether surveillance, further testing or referral is being proposed.

Keep previous laboratory and imaging reports together so that changes can be compared. Tell each treating team about your full medicine list and any planned procedure or pregnancy.

Metabolic health and bone-health planning

Discuss achievable goals and the type of support you need for daily routines. Ask whether nutrition, physical activity, sleep or other health conditions need attention within the treatment plan. Weight management and bone care should be tailored to your health rather than based on a universal program.

If you have a known inherited metabolic disorder or a complex multisystem diagnosis, state the exact condition before arranging travel so the hospital can confirm the appropriate specialty and services.

Preparing documents for a consultation or second opinion

Prepare your age, diagnosis, main symptoms, current prescriptions, allergies and dated laboratory results. Include imaging files, ultrasound, MRI, DXA, biopsy or operation reports when relevant. Add previous treatment responses and the questions you want answered.

Share documents through the agreed secure channel. Ask which records need translation before the appointment. A document review may guide the next step, but the doctor may still need an examination and further assessment.

Costs, follow-up and returning home

Ask for a written appointment or treatment proposal after the hospital reviews your case. Clarify what is included, which tests are additional and how follow-up will be arranged. Testing and treatment duration depend on the clinical plan.

Before returning home, obtain the diagnosis, prescriptions, monitoring schedule and contact details. Agree who will review results locally and how information will be shared with your usual doctor.

Free patient transfers

MPGCARE offers free transfers between Sarp and Trabzon for patients arriving by land and free airport-to-hospital transfers for patients arriving by air. Coordinate your destination, arrival time and accompanying person with our team when arranging the appointment.

Routine transfers are not medically supervised transport. If you need medical support during travel, discuss suitable arrangements with the treating team in advance.

Urgent symptoms and existing emergency plans

For severe illness, collapse or reduced consciousness, seek urgent local medical care instead of waiting for a planned appointment or an online reply. If you already have a diabetes or adrenal emergency plan, follow the instructions provided by your clinical team.

Plan your endocrinology assessment

Tell MPGCARE your age, diagnosis or main concern, available reports and preferred dates. We help coordinate a consultation with a suitable partner hospital and explain the next steps. The hospital confirms the appropriate specialist and scope before arrangements are finalized.

Request an Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Assessment

Medical information sources: NIDDK — diabetes · NIDDK — endocrine diseases · American Thyroid Association — thyroid nodules · NIAMS — osteoporosis

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